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metamorphic testing

a generative technique that transforms a test input and verifies the output's relationship to the original

oracle

a component that provides information determining test correctness, such as detecting crashes or comparing to a reference

property-based testing

generates random inputs, applies them to the system, and verifies that a specified property always holds

shrinking

a property-based testing technique that reduces a large failing input to the smallest case that still reproduces the failure

simulation testing

simulates system components rather than using real hardware, networks, and operating systems

dependency

a relationship between two operations that establishes ordering constraints, such as process, write-read, or real-time dependency