oracle

property-based testing

generates random inputs, applies them to the system, and verifies that a specified property always holds

shrinking

a property-based testing technique that reduces a large failing input to the smallest case that still reproduces the failure

simulation testing

simulates system components rather than using real hardware, networks, and operating systems

dependency

a relationship between two operations that establishes ordering constraints, such as process, write-read, or real-time dependency

definite error

an operation return indicating the operation definitely did not happen, such as a transaction abort

indefinite error

an operation return where the outcome is uncertain; the operation may or may not have executed, exemplified by timeouts