Fallacies of Presumption Vocabulary

assuming the conclusion in the premise

“The Bible is true because it's the word of God, and we know it's God's word because the Bible says so.”

using the conclusion as a premise

“I'm trustworthy because I say so, and you can trust what I say because I'm trustworthy.”

presenting only two options when more exist

“You're either with us or against us—ignoring neutral positions.”

forcing a choice between artificially limited options

“Either we cut education or raise taxes—ignoring other budget options.”

a question that presupposes something unproven

“Have you stopped cheating on tests?—presumes you were cheating.”

combining multiple questions into one

“Do you support freedom and lower taxes?—conflating separate issues.”

drawing broad conclusions from limited examples

“I met two rude New Yorkers, so all New Yorkers are rude.”

applying a general rule to exceptional cases

“Exercise is healthy, so you should exercise during your heart attack.”